Chapter A1 · 14 available objectives
Computer Fundamentals
Hardware, data representation, logic, and translation.
Describe the functions and interactions of the main CPU components
The CPU is the primary computational (计算的) engine of the computer, responsible for executing instructions.
4 minA1.1.2Describe the role of GPU
GPU = Graphics Processing Unit — a specialized electronic circuit containing numerous processing units.
2 minA1.1.3Explain the differences between the CPU and the GPU
Emphasizes flexibility and generalizability — efficiently processes a wide variety of instructions/data types. Generalized. Designed for low latency —…
5 minA1.1.4Explain the purposes of different types of primary memory
The fastest, smallest memory, built directly into the CPU . Store data, instructions, and addresses being actively executed . Volatile (requires power to…
3 minA1.1.5Describe the fetch, decode and execute cycle
The fetch decode execute (FDE) cycle is the fundamental cycle of instruction execution — also called the instruction cycle.
5 minA1.1.7Describe internal and external types of secondary memory storage
Secondary memory storage is non volatile — retains data when powered off. Examples: HDDs, SSDs, optical discs, flash drives.
4 minA1.1.8Describe the concept of compression
Compression decreases disk space needed for files and bandwidth for transfer → more efficient use of resources.
2 minA1.1.9Describe the different types of services in cloud computing
Organizations can access/utilize computing resources (servers, storage, databases) over the internet for flexible resources. Saves money — only pay for the…
3 minA1.2.1Describe the principal methods of representing data
Computers store all data in binary using 0 and 1 . Different data types use different encodings .
2 minA1.2.2Explain how binary is used to store data
Binary uses only two digits: 0 and 1 . These digits are bits . A group of 8 bits = a byte . Binary suits computers because electronic components reliably…
1 minA1.2.3Describe the purpose and use of logic gates
Logic gates are electronic circuits that take one or more binary inputs and produce a single binary output. The basic building blocks of digital circuits…
1 minA1.2.4Construct and analyse truth tables (Exclude K-Map)
A truth table shows every possible input combination and the corresponding output. Uses: describe behavior of a logic gate analyse a logic circuit compare…
2 minA1.2.5Construct logic diagrams
A logic diagram is a visual representation of a logical expression using gate symbols. Shows: inputs, gates used, order of operations, final output.
2 minA1.4.1Evaluate the translation processes of interpreters and compilers
Translation = changing source code into machine executable instructions. Two main methods: interpreted and compiled . Hybrids include JIT compilation and…
6 min